War and Peace in the Nuclear Age; Dawn; Interview with Chalmers Roberts, 1986

Part of War and Peace in the Nuclear Age.

03/02/1986

Chalmers Roberts was a long-time journalist who covered international and diplomatic affairs beginning in the late 1930s, joining The Washington Post in 1949. He begins by describing life in the United States in the post-depression 1930s and the growth of interest in Marxism. For many of these Americans, the Hitler-Stalin pact was a turning point. The public's mood about the war was initially against involvement but after Hitler's invasion of the USSR sentiments turned in favor of helping the underdog Soviets. He briefly comments on Winston Churchill and his special appeal to many Americans. Turning to the war, he recalls his reaction to Pearl Harbor, as well as the public's response, and its effect in bringing an end to isolationism. Near war's end, FDR's death came as a major shock after 12 years as president, he recalls. In addition, Truman was not well-known. The public's reaction to Hiroshima, he notes, was largely relief given how many Americans were still in uniform and how anxious the population was for an end to the conflict. He adds that Japan's Kamikaze attacks were fresh in American minds. He personally believes that while the first atomic bomb was crucial to breaking Japanese resistance, the second was "a mistake." On a related theme, he traces the sense of public outrage at mass civilian casualties to events in Spain and Shanghai, then provides recollections of his personal visits to Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He comments briefly on the view of many that FDR had sold Eastern Europe to the Soviet Union. On nuclear issues, he criticizes the Baruch Plan for its lack of balance, which left the Soviets feeling that they would permanently be locked in second place. He finishes by saying the most extraordinary thing about the nuclear age is that no one has ever dropped another bomb.

License Clip

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Series

War and Peace in the Nuclear Age

Program

Dawn

Program Number

101

Title

Interview with Chalmers Roberts, 1986

Series Description

The first atomic explosion in the New Mexico desert on July 16, 1945, changed the world forever. This series chronicles these changes and the history of a new era. It traces the development of nuclear weapons, the evolution of nuclear strategy, and the politics of a world with the power to destroy itself.

In thirteen one-hour programs that combine historic footage and recent interviews with key American, Soviet, and European participants, the nuclear age unfolds: the origin and evolution of nuclear weapons; the people of the past who have shaped the events of the present; the ideas and issues that political leaders, scientists, and the public at large must confront, and the prospects for the future. Nuclear Age highlights the profound changes in contemporary thinking imposed by the advent of nuclear weapons. Series release date: 1/1989

Program Description

Amid the violence, fear and desperation of World War II, nuclear weapons are created and used for the first time.

“Dawn” traces the development of the first atomic bomb, from 1932 with the ominous rumblings that led to World War II and the ground-breaking scientific experiments that led to the bomb. Atomic physicist Victor Weisskopf explains, “we did not think at all that this business would have any direct connection with politics, or with humanity.” The frantic rush by American scientists who feared the Nazis were ahead of them and the first nuclear explosion in the New Mexico desert on July 16, 1945 are described by eyewitnesses. Physicist Philip Morrison was ten miles away from the blast and will never forget the heat on his face. “Dawn” concludes with the failure of the first attempts to reach agreement on international control of atomic weapons after the war.

Duration

01:25:53

Asset Type

Raw video

Media Type

Video

Subjects

Germany

Baruch Plan (1946)

Gouzenko, Igor, 1919-1982

Japan

Hiroshima-shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945

Nagasaki-shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945

Litvinov, M. M. (Maksim Maksimovich), 1876-1951

Journalists

Communism

Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965

Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972

Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945

Luce, Henry Robinson, 1898-1967

Soviet Union

Stalin, Joseph, 1879-1953

Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945

Locations

Genres

Topics

Contributors

Roberts, Chalmers M. (Chalmers McGeagh), 1910-2005 (Interviewee)

Publication Information

WGBH Educational Foundation

Citation

Chicago: “War and Peace in the Nuclear Age; Dawn; Interview with Chalmers Roberts, 1986,” 03/02/1986, GBH Archives, accessed November 23, 2024, http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_C520F5DA930D4918A613100EEB4179F4.

MLA: “War and Peace in the Nuclear Age; Dawn; Interview with Chalmers Roberts, 1986.” 03/02/1986. GBH Archives. Web. November 23, 2024. <http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_C520F5DA930D4918A613100EEB4179F4>.

APA: War and Peace in the Nuclear Age; Dawn; Interview with Chalmers Roberts, 1986. Boston, MA: GBH Archives. Retrieved from http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_C520F5DA930D4918A613100EEB4179F4

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War and Peace in the Nuclear Age; Dawn; Interview with Chalmers Roberts, 1986